Understanding the acoustical environment of the Safavid era

Abstract

The study is structured in two separate sections that each focuses on one acoustical phenomenon and its related parameters. The data is collected from a series of acoustical simulations using 3D computer models in which various acoustical metrics are compared and analyzed. One study focuses on the adaptive nature of the implemented typology in both Shah mosque and Aali Qapu Palace music room by looking at various design strategies and elements; that make one proper for large gatherings and the other one appropriated for music performances or intimate gatherings. The second study investigates these architectural spaces as coupled volume systems to comprehend the energy decay pattern and its impacts on objective metrics resulted from the rooms' spatial connectivity - a common practice in this architecture style. In this section, the domes' acoustical behavior, variations of coupled rooms, and aperture size are the three discussion subjects that directly impact these rooms' behavior as coupled volume systems. The simulation results and objective metrics have been evaluated and compared with previous studies on similar subjects to identify each architectural entity's perceived acoustical characteristics and the potential existence of non-exponential energy decay.

The acoustical environments in Iranian architecture have been rarely studied as a contributing factor to forming their cultural identity. This research is intended to investigate the acoustical properties of some of the significant work of architecture that has remained from the Safavid era and understand how certain design principles, spatial organization, and architectural elements shape the sonic identity of these spaces. This era's architecture and urban design (1501 - 1736) still hold the backbone of a vibrant city like Isfahan. The choices of building materials, volumetric properties, ornamentation, and the spaces' geometry and shape have created diverse sonic landscapes that define part of the urban identity of this historic fabric. Shah mosque, Aali Qapu music room, and Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, all located at Naqsh-e Jahan Square and built around the same time, are the case studies that share some similarities and other contrasting qualities that make them suitable for a comparative analysis of their acoustical properties.