Physiological, Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Roles of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate
Authors
Xie, Jin
Murugesan, Saravanababu
Linhardt, Robert J.
ORCID
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-5833
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Other Contributors
Issue Date
2008-12-01
Keywords
Biology , Chemistry and chemical biology , Chemical and biological engineering , Biomedical engineering
Degree
Terms of Use
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Full Citation
Physiological, Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Roles of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate, J. Xie, S. Murugesan, R. J. Linhardt, in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications. Garg, H.G., Cowman, M.K., Hales, C.A., eds., , Chapter 10, 227-251, Elsevier, Oxford , UK, 2008.
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate belong to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family of carbohydrates. They are linear acidic complex polysaccharides found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Heparin and heparan sulfate GAGs are biosynthesized as proteoglycans (PGs) with multiple GAG chains linked to a variety of core proteins. Heparin PGs are found exclusively in the granules of subsets of mast cells, whereas heparan sulfate PGs have a much greater distribution in the body, being associated with stromal matrices, basement membranes, and almost all cell surfaces. Heparin and heparan sulfate PGs interact with cell surface binding proteins and are internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis through their GAG chains. Heparin and heparan sulfate are the most intensively studied GAGs as a result of their anticoagulant properties. However, it has become obvious that heparin and heparan sulfate not only have anticoagulant activities but also exhibit a number of diverse biological functions including ones regulating cell growth and differentiation, inflammatory processes, host defense and viral infection mechanisms, cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, lipid transport, and clearance/metabolism. These functions result from the direct interactions between heparin and heparan sulfate and heparin-binding proteins.
Description
in Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications. Garg, H.G., Cowman, M.K., Hales, C.A., eds., , Chapter 10, 227-251, Elsevier, Oxford, UK
Note : if this item contains full text it may be a preprint, author manuscript, or a Gold OA copy that permits redistribution with a license such as CC BY. The final version is available through the publisher’s platform.
Note : if this item contains full text it may be a preprint, author manuscript, or a Gold OA copy that permits redistribution with a license such as CC BY. The final version is available through the publisher’s platform.
Department
The Linhardt Research Labs.
The Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS)
The Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS)
Publisher
Relationships
The Linhardt Research Labs Online Collection
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications
https://harc.rpi.edu/
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
Carbohydrate Chemistry, Biology and Medical Applications
https://harc.rpi.edu/
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